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unix_commands [2016/05/25 20:12]
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unix_commands [2016/05/25 20:22] (current)
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| Most user-level commands can be found in the ''/bin'', ''/usr/bin'', and ''/usr/local/bin'' directories. Some programs can be found in ''/sbin'' and/or ''/usr/sbin'', but those programs are usually reserved for the administrator, and they won't work for you unless you have the password. You can also use the ''man'' command to search for commands by keyword, but search is limited. Google is probably a better choice unless you know a specific keyword you're looking for. | Most user-level commands can be found in the ''/bin'', ''/usr/bin'', and ''/usr/local/bin'' directories. Some programs can be found in ''/sbin'' and/or ''/usr/sbin'', but those programs are usually reserved for the administrator, and they won't work for you unless you have the password. You can also use the ''man'' command to search for commands by keyword, but search is limited. Google is probably a better choice unless you know a specific keyword you're looking for. |
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| ====== A List of Most Popular Commands ====== | ====== A List Of Some Popular Commands ====== |
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| ^ Command ^ Description ^ | ^ Command ^ Description ^ |
| file | file |
| </code> [[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man1/basename.1.html|Man Page]] | | </code> [[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man1/basename.1.html|Man Page]] | |
| ^ <code>bash</code> | A standard shell program available on almost every Unix-based system. \\ \\ [[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man1/bash.1.html|Man Page]][[https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/|GNU Manual]] | | ^ <code>bash</code> | A standard shell program available on almost every Unix-based system. There's a good chance that when you open a terminal this is the shell program that the terminal runs. There are other shell programs, and each has it's own strengths and weaknesses, but for the purposes of these wiki pages the bash script will be what we focus on. \\ \\ [[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man1/bash.1.html|Man Page]][[https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/|GNU Manual]] | |
| ^ <code>basename</code> | Strip directory (and optionally suffix) from path names. \\ \\ [[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man1/basename.1.html|Man Page]] | | ^ <code>basename</code> | Strip directory (and optionally suffix) from path names. \\ \\ [[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man1/basename.1.html|Man Page]] | |
| ^ <code>bc</code> | An arbitrary-precision command line calculator. \\ \\ [[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man1/bc.1.html|Man Page]][[https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/manual/html_mono/bc.html|GNU Manual]][[http://www.basicallytech.com/blog/archive/23/command-line-calculations-using-bc/|Examples]] | | ^ <code>bc</code> | An arbitrary-precision command line calculator. \\ \\ [[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man1/bc.1.html|Man Page]][[https://www.gnu.org/software/bc/manual/html_mono/bc.html|GNU Manual]][[http://www.basicallytech.com/blog/archive/23/command-line-calculations-using-bc/|Examples]] | |
| ^ <code>tar</code> | A program used to pack multiple files or directories into a single file. Like a zip file, but without compression. (Compression is usually handled by a separate program like ''gzip'', ''bzip2'', or ''xz''.) \\ \\ [[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man1/tar.1.html|Man Page]] [[http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2010/04/unix-tar-command-examples/|Examples]] | | ^ <code>tar</code> | A program used to pack multiple files or directories into a single file. Like a zip file, but without compression. (Compression is usually handled by a separate program like ''gzip'', ''bzip2'', or ''xz''.) \\ \\ [[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man1/tar.1.html|Man Page]] [[http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2010/04/unix-tar-command-examples/|Examples]] | |
| ^ <code>test</code> | Used to test certain conditional expressions. Often used with ''if'', ''for'', and ''while'' conditional statements. \\ \\ [[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man1/test.1.html|Man Page]] [[http://wiki.bash-hackers.org/commands/classictest|Examples]] | | ^ <code>test</code> | Used to test certain conditional expressions. Often used with ''if'', ''for'', and ''while'' conditional statements. \\ \\ [[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man1/test.1.html|Man Page]] [[http://wiki.bash-hackers.org/commands/classictest|Examples]] | |
| ^ <code>time</code> | Used to measure the amount of time that a command takes to execute. \\ \\ http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man1/time.1.html|Man Page]] [[http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2012/01/time-command-examples/|Examples]] | | ^ <code>time</code> | Used to measure the amount of time that a command takes to execute. \\ \\ [[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man1/time.1.html|Man Page]] [[http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2012/01/time-command-examples/|Examples]] | |
| ^ <code>touch</code> | Used to create empty files, or to update the timestamp on existing files. \\ \\ [[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man1/touch.1.html|Man Page]] [[http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2012/11/linux-touch-command/|Examples]] | | ^ <code>touch</code> | Used to create empty files, or to update the timestamp on existing files. \\ \\ [[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man1/touch.1.html|Man Page]] [[http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2012/11/linux-touch-command/|Examples]] | |
| ^ <code>tr</code> | Used to transform input. A simple example would be to capitalize text. \\ \\ [[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man1/tr.1.html|Man Page]] [[http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2012/12/linux-tr-command/|Examples]] | | ^ <code>tr</code> | Used to transform input. A simple example would be to capitalize text. \\ \\ [[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man1/tr.1.html|Man Page]] [[http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2012/12/linux-tr-command/|Examples]] | |
| ^ <code>true</code> | Always returns a successful exit code. Used in conjunction with boolean logic expressions and/or inside ''if'', ''for'', and ''while'' conditional statements. \\ \\ [[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man1/true.1.html|Man Page]] | | ^ <code>true</code> | Always returns a successful exit code. Used in conjunction with boolean logic expressions and/or inside ''if'', ''for'', and ''while'' conditional statements. \\ \\ [[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man1/true.1.html|Man Page]] | |
| ^ <code>uptime</code> | Outputs the amount of time that this machine has been turned on. \\ \\ http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man1/uptime.1.html|Man Page]] | | ^ <code>uptime</code> | Outputs the amount of time that this machine has been turned on. \\ \\ [[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man1/uptime.1.html|Man Page]] | |
| ^ <code>wc</code> | Reads input line at a time and outputs user-specified metrics such as the number of lines, the number of words, the number of characters, or the number of bytes. \\ \\ [[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man1/wc.1.html|Man Page]] [[http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2013/02/wc-nl-examples/|Examples]] | | ^ <code>wc</code> | Reads input line at a time and outputs user-specified metrics such as the number of lines, the number of words, the number of characters, or the number of bytes. \\ \\ [[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man1/wc.1.html|Man Page]] [[http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2013/02/wc-nl-examples/|Examples]] | |
| ^ <code>wget</code> | A command line tool for interacting with a web server. Can be used to download HTML, or to download a file from a web page. \\ \\ [[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man1/wget.1.html|Man Page]] [[http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2009/09/the-ultimate-wget-download-guide-with-15-awesome-examples/|Examples]] | | ^ <code>wget</code> | A command line tool for interacting with a web server. Can be used to download HTML, or to download a file from a web page. \\ \\ [[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man1/wget.1.html|Man Page]] [[http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2009/09/the-ultimate-wget-download-guide-with-15-awesome-examples/|Examples]] | |
| ^ <code>which</code> | Outputs the location of a program, if known. \\ \\ [[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man1/which.1.html|Man Page]] | | ^ <code>which</code> | Outputs the location of a program, if known. \\ \\ [[http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/en/man1/which.1.html|Man Page]] | |
| ^ <code>while</code> | A conditional loop command: <code>while <condition>; do <commands>; done</code> [[http://tldp.org/LDP/Bash-Beginners-Guide/html/sect_09_02.html|Example]] | | ^ <code>while</code> | A conditional loop command: <code>while <condition>; do <commands>; done</code> [[http://tldp.org/LDP/Bash-Beginners-Guide/html/sect_09_02.html|Examples]] | |
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| This list is by no means exhaustive! | This list is by no means exhaustive! |
